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DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF SILYMARIN |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | Wajee Tipparos, Praneet Opanasopit |
| Title | DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF SILYMARIN |
| Publisher | Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University |
| Publication Year | 2560 |
| Journal Title | Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Science (TBPS) |
| Journal Vol. | 12 |
| Journal No. | 2 (July-December)2017 |
| Page no. | 41-48 |
| Keyword | silymarin, drug delivery systems, bioavailability |
| ISSN | 1686-9540 |
| Abstract | Silymarin is a natural compound extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn). It has been used as a folk medicine in Europe for a long time to treat liver and gallbladder disorders. Many pieces of research have confirmed that silymarin is a hepatoprotective agent. The mechanisms of action include antioxidation, cell membrane stabilization, anti-inflammation, liver regeneration and antifibrotic effects. Silymarin consists of flavonolignan isomers, namely silybin 60-70%, silychristin 20%, silydianin 10% and isosilybin 5%. Among these isomers, silybin is the major and the most active component. However, only 20-50% of orally administered silymarin can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The therapeutic effect of silymarin is limited by its poor bioavailability due to low solubility, low permeability, extensive metabolism and rapid excretion. In order to improve the bioavailability of silymarin, drug delivery systems such as solid dispersions, complexation inclusion with beta-cyclodextrin, complexation with phosphatidylcholine, liposomes, proliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), and hydrogel matrices, micelles, have been employed. Cao and coworkers prepared a silymarin 3-day release formulation to improve the oral bioavailability and develop a sustained-release formulation. Moreover, targeted delivery systems have been used to carry silymarin to target sites, especially to hepatic cells leading to induction of cellular uptake. Elmowafy and coworkers have demonstrated how to improve the delivery of silymarin to hepatic cells by loading silymarin into liposomes with hepatic targeting ligands (Sito G). In conclusion, several drug delivery systems are used for increasing bioavailability, controlling release and aiming silymarin at target sites of action. |
