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Health Risk Assessment of Workers Exposed to Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal in Industrial Waste Treatment |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | 1. Prayad Kenyota 2. Wanida Jinsart |
| Title | Health Risk Assessment of Workers Exposed to Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal in Industrial Waste Treatment |
| Publisher | Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment |
| Publication Year | 2565 |
| Journal Title | EnvironmentAsia |
| Journal Vol. | 15 |
| Journal No. | Special |
| Page no. | 33-49 |
| Keyword | Particulate matter, Heavy metal, Worker exposure, Health risk, Industrial Wastes |
| URL Website | https://tshe.org/main/ea-journal-online |
| Website title | EnvironmentAsia Journal |
| ISSN | 1906-1714 |
| Abstract | The occupational hazards on workers in two industrial waste treatment plants were investigated, involving waste management, recycling, and disposal activities. The workers have been exposed to various pollutants, for instance, Particulate Matter, PM (PM2.5, PM10-2.5) and heavy metals contaminating during the waste treatment process. The health risks of workers exposed to particulate matter and heavy metals were studied. Particulate matter samples were collected using a Personal Modular Impactor (PMI) in the working area and personal sampling. The urine samples were collected from volunteer workers following the national guideline method. PM concentrations were analyzed by the gravimetric method. Heavy metals; As, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg associated with PM, and in the urine samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry. The average PM concentrations of PM2.5; area samples (30.33 ? 2.51 and 41.21 ? 1.12 ?g/cu m), person samples (45.86 ? 9.85 and 144.99 ? 119.11 ?g/cu m) and PM10-2.5; area samples (14.77 ? 0.29 and 15.09 ? 0.35 ?g/cu m), person samples (27.73 ? 8.63 and 48.04 ? 43.49?g/cu m) in Plant 1 and 2, respectively. Heavy metal in the particulate samples; As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in plant 1; area samples were 1.19 ? 0.09, 0.55 ? 0.05 and 0.78 ? 0.14 ?g/cu m, personal sample were 1.22 ? 0.08, 0.55 ? 0.08, and 0.87 ? 0.12 ?g/cu m, respectively. In-Plant 2; As, Cd and Pb concentrations in area samples were 0.52 ? 0.21, 0.55 ? 0.05 and 0.38 ? 0.05 ?g/cu m, personal samples were 0.58 ? 0.13, 0.53 ? 0.06 and 0.41 ? 0.05 ?g/cu m, respectively. The values of As, Cd, and Pb in the dust were within the limit level prescribed by the Occupational Health National Standard. Cr and Hg were not detected in the particulate samples. The average levels of total-As, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg that were found in the urine were total-As (91.67 ? 98.63 and 59.29 ? 32.03 ?g/L), Cr (0.82 ? 0.51 and 1.03 ? 1.02 ?g/L), Cd (1.46 ? 1.14 and 0.62 ? 0.46 ?g/g.creatinine), Pb (8.83 ? 12.70 and 0.31 ? 0.52 ?g/g.creatinine), and Hg (7.80 ? 15.62 and 0.66 ? 1.50 ?g/g.creatinine) in plant 1 and 2, respectively. As, Cd and Pb in urine samples of plant 1 were higher than in plant 2. This could be because the waste loading in plant 1 was higher in electronic waste than in plant 2, where the majority of waste was plastic waste. The non-carcinogenic risk assessment, Hazard Quotient, and Hazard Index of As and Cd in oral/ingestion route exposure were more than 1. Cancer risk of As, Cd, and Pb in oral/ingestion exposure and As in dermal exposure were >10-6 in both plants. To reduce risk, the control of food/drink intake in the workplace, an annual health check program, and providing of personal protective equipment for employees were recommended. |
