|
Global trading in health services: potential trade and system-based challenges for traders |
|---|---|
| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | Archie A. Alexander |
| Title | Global trading in health services: potential trade and system-based challenges for traders |
| Contributor | Prasutr Thawornchaisi |
| Publisher | Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University |
| Publication Year | 2562 |
| Journal Title | Journal of Thai Interdisciplinary Research |
| Journal Vol. | 14 |
| Journal No. | 2 |
| Page no. | 35 |
| Keyword | ASEAN, cross-border, health, services, barriers |
| URL Website | http://rdi.npru.ac.th |
| Website title | วารสารวิจัยสหวิทยาการไทย |
| ISSN | 2465-3837 |
| Abstract | Many countries with excess capacities for health services leverage them to increase their GDPs by engaging in cross-bordertrading (CBT) of health services. CBT of health services may be limited due to trade challenges arising from the GeneralAgreement on Trade in Services (GATS (Modes 1-4) and Non-GATS agreements) and system-based (e.g. health or legalsystem) challenges. The objective of this study was to learn whether trade or system-based challenges to CBT of health servicesexist, and if they do, do they challenge CBT of health services. The authors (researchers) employed an Arksey and O'Malleyscoping review methodology to identify peer-reviewed and gray literature discussing trade and system-based challenges toCBT of health services. Electronic searches utilized a browser (Google ChromeTMor Mozilla Firefox R) and an internet websearch engine (GoogleTM(e.g. Web, Scholar and News plus News Archives) or Microsoft Bing R: Attempts = 0) or a metasearchengine (DuckDuckGo c: Attempts = 0) to query databases (Public = Google, Google Scholar, EBSCO and Medline) and Private= Lexis Advance R). Results and analysis of retrieved articles identified trade challenges in GATS Modes 1-4 (e.g. resourcereallocation and costs) and Non-GATS (e.g. protectionist trade policies) and system-based barriers (e.g. medical and regulatoryliability, health privacy regulation and business regulation). Trading in Modes 2 (medical and health tourism) and 4 (medicalmanpower exchange) enjoyed the greatest share of these markets, although Mode 3 trades (foreign commercial presence) maybe a growing market. In conclusion, countries, including Thailand and its ASEAN partners, may face trade- and system-basedchallenges to |
