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Immunogenetics of Type 1 Diabetes in Asian Populations |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | Watip Tangjittipokin, Nipaporn Teerawattanapong, Thanida Tangjarusritaratorn, Nutsakol Borrisuta, Patcharapong Rujirawana |
| Title | Immunogenetics of Type 1 Diabetes in Asian Populations |
| Contributor | Watip Tangjittipokin, Nipaporn Teerawattanapong, Thanida Tangjarusritaratorn, Nutsakol Borrisuta, Patcharapong Rujirawana |
| Publisher | Genetics Society of Thailand |
| Publication Year | 2565 |
| Journal Title | Genomics and Genetics |
| Journal Vol. | 15 |
| Journal No. | 1 |
| Page no. | 16-33 |
| Keyword | type 1 diabetes, genetics of type 1 diabetes, immunogenetics, pathogenesis, asian populations |
| URL Website | https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/gst/issue/view/17313 |
| Website title | https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/gst/article/view/243056 |
| ISSN | 24655198 |
| Abstract | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by a combination of immunogenetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of auto-antibodies against islet cells and pancreatic ?-cells. It has been known for several decades that the human leukocyte antigen genes have a major role associated with the disease; however, the available data were mostly obtained from the studies in Caucasian populations. With the advancement of genomic and genetic technologies, more studies have been conducted to explore the role of genetic factors associated with the development of T1D in Asian populations. This review summarizes the current immunogenetic studies and data of T1D in Asian populations to gain more understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. The estimated prevalence of T1D in southeast Asia was around 11%. In general, more than 50 genetic risk regions contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D. Similar to Caucasians, the strongest genetic risk factor of T1D in the Asian populations in the gene encoding the classical HLA on chromosome 6p21.31, accounting for 40-50%, in which DR and DQ loci show the strongest association. Other non-HLA genetic loci also contribute to the risk of T1D including both immune and non-immune related genes, which are PTPN22, INS, CTLA4, IL2RA/CD25, and others. Polymorphisms of these genes are associated with T1D in both the Asian and Caucasian populations. More studies on genetic variations, gene-environment interaction, and involvement of immunogenetic loci are required for a more in-depth understanding of the genetic basis and molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of T1D in Asian populations, which may lead to the precise predictive model, development of genetic screening, risk assessment, and intervention strategies applicable and tailored to the genetic background of individuals. |
