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Greenhouse Gases Emission and Environmental Costs of Fast- Food Restaurants: A Case Study in Bangkok, Thailand |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | 1. Pongpapat Wongrattanatham 2. Nittaya Pasukphun |
| Title | Greenhouse Gases Emission and Environmental Costs of Fast- Food Restaurants: A Case Study in Bangkok, Thailand |
| Publisher | Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment |
| Publication Year | 2566 |
| Journal Title | EnvironmentAsia |
| Journal Vol. | 16 |
| Journal No. | 3 |
| Page no. | 43-56 |
| Keyword | Greenhouse Gases, Carbon footprint, Life cycle assessment, Fast food restaurant, Food delivery |
| URL Website | http://www.tshe.org/ea/index.html |
| Website title | EnvironmentAsia |
| ISSN | 1906-1714 |
| Abstract | This study aimed to investigate and assess the restaurants' operational patterns and to identify the hotspot emitting the highest level of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and causing the highest environmental cost. The study was conducted in January 2022. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was applied to assess and analyze the amounts of GHG emissions and environmental costs associated with fast-food restaurants in terms of ingredients and food preparation, food delivery, and food waste transportation to the landfill. GHG emissions were divided into three categories according to the Carbon Footprint for Organization (CFO), namely: 1) direct GHG emissions from fast-food restaurants 2) indirect GHG emissions from energy consumption; and 3) indirect GHG emissions from other sources. The GHG emission hotspots in both western and Thai fastfood restaurants were identified based on two types of activities: those inside and outside the restaurants. The results from the data collected from the fast-food restaurants in the Sathorn District showed that the total GHG emission of the restaurants was 521,571.46 kgCO2e/year. The first category of GHG emission was 20,558.63 kgCO2e/year. The second category emitted the most GHG at 396,564.50 kgCO2e/year. The third category of GHG emission was 111,456.48 kgCO2e/year. The hotspots of both western and Thai restaurants originated from the same activity, which was electric energy consumption because all the restaurants used appliances and electronic devices to facilitate their business. The highest environmental cost was water treatment at 59,040.00 baht annually. This study can be utilized as a database for measurement, assessment, and management to reduce GHG emissions from fast-food restaurants, other food businesses, and other related activities. |
