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Heavy Metals Source Identification by Enrichment Factor in Bangka Island Sediments, Indonesia |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | 1. Umroh 2. Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen 3. Tri Prartono 4. Etty Riani |
| Title | Heavy Metals Source Identification by Enrichment Factor in Bangka Island Sediments, Indonesia |
| Publisher | Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment |
| Publication Year | 2565 |
| Journal Title | EnvironmentAsia |
| Journal Vol. | 15 |
| Journal No. | 2 |
| Page no. | 120-131 |
| Keyword | Anthropogenic sources, Bangka Island, Natural sources, Sediments |
| URL Website | https://tshe.org/main/ea-journal-online |
| Website title | EnvironmentAsia Journal |
| ISSN | 1906-1714 |
| Abstract | The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the waters of Bangka Island, Indonesiaresults in a decrease in water quality. The source of heavy metals is unknown; therefore, ithas become a controversial issue for the coastal communities of Bangka Island. This studyaimed to determine the source of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Sn in the sedimentsof the waters of Bangka Island. Sediment sampling at 12 stations was carried out in July 2019, using the APHA; 2012 method. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) technique, whereas heavy metal sources were analysed using the Enrichment Factor (EF) approach. The results showed EF > 1 at stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Zn and Sn were found to be enriched in the minimum to moderate category, Pb was seen to be highly enriched, while Cu and Cd did not show any enrichment (EF < 1). The EF values of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd at stations 7 and 12 showed EF < 1, indicating that the dominant metals were of natural origin. The sources of the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Sn at stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were a mixture of anthropogenic and natural materials. Anthropogenic sources in the waters of the Bangka Island include: tin mining waste, fuel and paint spills,and smoke from tin mining machines (pontoons). These results inform the public and the government that community activities (anthropogenic), natural resources, and their mutual interactions constantly enrich and increase the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Sn. |
