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Production of Biodiesel from Low-Grade Crude Palm Oil Using Hydrochloric Acid |
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| รหัสดีโอไอ | |
| Creator | 1. Nichmon Puagsang 2. Issara Chanakeawsomboon 3. Suchada Chantrapromma 4. Arkom Palamanit |
| Title | Production of Biodiesel from Low-Grade Crude Palm Oil Using Hydrochloric Acid |
| Publisher | Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment |
| Publication Year | 2564 |
| Journal Title | EnvironmentAsia |
| Journal Vol. | 14 |
| Journal No. | 1 |
| Page no. | 23-32 |
| Keyword | Biodiesel, Free fatty acid, Hydrochloric acid, Low-grade crude palm oil, Sulfuric acid |
| URL Website | http://www.tshe.org/ea/index.html |
| Website title | EnvironmentAsia |
| ISSN | 1906-1714 |
| Abstract | In this study, low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) containing 13.81 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was used as raw material. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LGCPO preparation methods on biodiesel basic properties, easing environmental impacts from sulfur emissions, and getting to zero-sulfur biodiesel. Hence, hydrochloric acid, which is an effective andenvironmentally friendly homogeneous acid catalyst, was selected as the catalyst to reduce FFA in pretreatment and to produce green biodiesel. The results indicate that the use 0.25 wt.% of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst in biodiesel production could efficiently reduce the FFA content to a standard level (< 2.00 wt.%) at 0.56 wt.% (FFA conversion 95.95%). The final ester contents were 98.05 and 97.31 wt.% for washed esterified palm oil (EPO) and for rinsed EPO without washing, respectively. Consequently, hydrochloric acid is a suitable catalyst and could replace the conventional sulfuric acid in biodiesel production from low quality crude palm oil. This would reduce the environmental impacts, especially sulfur emissions. High FFA leads to soap formation in fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) saponification causing problems in phase separation and emulsion formation during the purification stage, so catalytic preprocessing is a necessity. |
